This research addresses the perception of industrial environmental impacts among 8th-grade students at College 0007 BG Commander Dangereux in Catumbela, Angola. Industry is a significant factor in environmental degradation. In this context, understanding how students perceive and interpret local industrial environmental challenges and impacts is crucial, as this perception can influence their future actions to preserve the environment. The research aims to analyze the level of environmental awareness of the environmental effects among 8th-grade students at the aforementioned school. The methodology adopted in this research was descriptive, with a quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental approach. Therefore, data collection used a 15-item questionnaire on an ordinal qualitative Likert scale, consisting of three dimensions: general knowledge of environmental impacts, perception of environmental risks, and actions and solutions to minimize industrial environmental impacts. The questionnaire was administered to 113 students. To test the hypothesis that students had a significant perception of industrial environmental impacts, the Wilcoxon test was applied to one sample. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the median observed in the responses and the reference value of the Likert scale (p < 0.001), thus refuting the hypothesis that students have a relevant environmental perception on the topic. Therefore, it can be concluded that most students do not have a satisfactory level of environmental perception regarding industrial environmental impacts, as indicated by the median being lower than the reference value.

In the context of technologies affecting small and medium-sized rural enterprises in Colombia, this project addresses a critical need identified in a cocoa-producing SME located in the municipality of El Peñón, Santander, comprised of farming families with limited technological capabilities. The company faces difficulties in managing sales and profitability information, which impacts its strategic decision-making, operational efficiency, and sustainability. In response, the main objective of this project is to develop a functional web prototype to digitize and optimize these processes through accessible tools such as Google Apps Script and Google Sheets. The work is structured as an Intervention Project, divided into two main phases: diagnosis of the technological and organizational situation, and a proposed solution through the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the prototype. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, such as interviews, direct observation, modeling with UML diagrams, and validation with real users. Among the most significant results are the creation of a functional cloud-based system that reduces registration errors, enables the generation of strategic reports in less time, and centralizes sales and cost information on a single accessible platform. Furthermore, a significant economic return is projected, with a Return on Investment (ROI) of 28.57% in the first year, along with a positive social impact by strengthening the technological autonomy of the SME. The project also includes a strategic proposal for replication in other SMEs. As a general conclusion, it is highlighted that the incorporation of simple technological solutions, adapted to the rural environment, improves the operational efficiency of small enterprises.

In an increasingly interconnected world, cross-border civil infrastructure projects, such as dams, pipelines, and transport corridors, pose complex challenges for international law. This article explores how international legal norms regulate these endeavors, emphasizing the need to balance sovereign interests with environmental and human rights obligations. It analyzes the role of treaties like the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, and examines real cases in regions such as Central Asia, South America, and Europe. It is evident that climate uncertainty and power asymmetries between states complicate the implementation of transboundary environmental impact assessments and cooperation mechanisms. Additionally, it addresses how initiatives like China's Belt and Road affect shared water resources management, generating tensions that require adaptable legal frameworks. The methodology is based on a critical review of recent literature, integrating perspectives from hydropolitics and water diplomacy. Ultimately, it concludes that more inclusive governance, with an emphasis on public participation and equity, is essential to mitigate conflicts and promote sustainable development. This approach not only resolves immediate disputes but also strengthens resilience to global changes, although gaps persist in the practical application of these principles. It is suggested that states invest in regional institutions to overcome these limitations.

Savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) in Paraguay have consolidated their role as key actors in financial inclusion, particularly in sectors underserved by traditional banking institutions. However, this accelerated growth has not been accompanied by a robust regulatory framework or adequate financial oversight. This theoretical-analytical study examines the institutional weaknesses of the current supervisory model centered on the National Institute of Cooperativism (INCOOP) from an institutional economics perspective. The research assumes that the existing design, which combines promotional and supervisory functions within a single entity lacking technical and financial autonomy, creates perverse incentives, weakens control mechanisms, and exposes the system to systemic risks. A theoretical approach is proposed, grounded in the contributions of Douglass North, Oliver Williamson, and Elinor Ostrom. The hypothesis posits that an institutional redesign transferring supervisory responsibilities to the Central Bank of Paraguay (BCP), along with the implementation of deposit guarantee mechanisms and enhanced transparency would enable more efficient, credible, and sustainable regulation. As part of this proposal, the study examines comparative models of cooperative supervision in Latin America, identifying best practices that could be applied to the Paraguayan case. This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on the financial governance of non-bank entities by suggesting legal and institutional reforms that strengthen the stability of the cooperative system without undermining its solidarity-based nature. Conceptual and empirical evidence indicates that effective supervision is not incompatible with the autonomy of the cooperative movement; rather, it is a necessary condition for its long-term sustainability.

Esta investigação apresenta, na introdução, objetivo geral, que consiste em desenvolver uma central fotovoltaica para iluminação pública, na centralidade da Praia Amélia, e específicos, que consistem em descrever e dimensionar componentes da central. A metodologia baseia-se no modelo misto(quali-quantitativo). Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista e medição direta, obtiveram-se fundamentos teóricos, dados elétricos e técnicos da centralidade. Assim, com a latitude e longitude, através do PVGIS, obtiveram-se irradiações mensais direta, globais e temperaturas médias. Dos resultados, Moçâmedes apresenta condições adequadas para objetivos fotovoltaicos. Do dimensionamento e com módulos inclinados à 150, obteve-se no mês crítico, radiação global mensal de 179 KWh/m2 e diária de 5,78KWh/m2. Com demanda de 116250W, o sistema utiliza 664 módulos de 400W, 3 controladores de 200W, 48 baterias e inversor de 145313W. Assim, o sistema não prevê perdas por sombreamento e poeira, porém apresenta perdas de 1,56% devido à temperatura e 7309W no cabeamento. Dessa forma, o sistema demonstra viabilidade econômica ao apresentar um Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) positivo, com amortização prevista para ocorrer em 11 anos. Da discussão, em relação a projetos fotovoltaicos similares de Cabo Verde e Moçambique, este projeto demonstra-se mais ambicioso e com maior impacto socioeconômico e ambiental, por possuir carga maior e, no seu dimensionamento, reduzir a potência nas centrais térmicas de 63MW locais, em 0,44%. Este dado impacta positivamente a redução de emissões de GEE. Portanto, a central apresenta valor técnico, ao acautelar as perdas totais de 11339W (28 módulos), em um sistema com margem superior de 61 módulos.

Workplace mistreatment of women has become one of the most persistent and normalized forms of structural violence within the Colombian corporate environment. This article presents the findings of a study conducted in a specific business setting in the city of Bogotá, aimed at identifying, characterizing, and proposing intervention strategies to address this issue. Through the application of information-gathering tools on a representative sample of female workers from various sectors, and using comparative data analysis, the study reveals multiple forms of workplace mistreatment. These include psychological harassment, gender discrimination, work overload, the invisibilization of achievements, and exclusion from promotion opportunities. Such forms of violence directly affect women’s dignity, mental health, and productivity, perpetuating conditions of inequality and vulnerability in the workplace. The study’s findings indicate a high prevalence of workplace mistreatment of women in the analyzed contexts, highlighting the urgent need to design and implement clear institutional policies against harassment and gender-based violence. Proposed strategies include the creation of effective reporting and sanctioning mechanisms, gender-sensitive training programs—especially for managerial and leadership personnel—wage audits to promote economic equity, and the strengthening of psychosocial and legal support services for victims. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of workplace violence dynamics faced by women in Colombia and proposes concrete actions to transform workplaces into safe, equitable, and respectful environments. Eradicating workplace mistreatment is not only a matter of social justice but also a fundamental condition for the ethical and sustainable development of organizations and society as a whole.