It can be said that gender violence refers to any action intended to cause harm to an individual based on their gender. This type of inequality arises from harmful conventions, the abusive exercise of authority, and discrepancies in gender distribution. Gender inequality represents a flagrant violation of the fundamental rights of the human being; at the same time, it becomes a welfare and protection dilemma that threatens integrity. It is estimated that one in three females will face some type of physical or sexual assault during their life cycle. When they find themselves in situations of emergency and displacement, the chances that women and girls will be victims of gender inequality increase significantly. The problem of violence against women, derived from its underestimation in the social and cultural context, raises concerns both nationally and internationally. Although measures have been implemented to save their rights and alter social perception, the progress achieved in 2012 with the criminalization of feminicide is only an initial step. Government actions and court regulations are not enough; a profound transformation is required in the culture rooted in our society, particularly the influence of patriarchy, which is especially prevalent in the Latino region. Mexico has alarming rates of feminicides largely due to this ideology that promotes male superiority and that underlies gender-based violent acts directed towards women. Considerable progress has been made in recognizing the existence of gender-based violence by classifying feminicide as a specific crime. Through disclosure to combat it, it has moved out of the private sphere and has become a problem of public interest. It has evolved to be a matter subject to legal regulation and is one of the main concerns nationally.

The objective is to make a documentary analysis on the concepts of innovation, business model and competitiveness that allows to understand the business work of MSMEs and their implications towards the creation of value, through the increase of customers or users of the products or services offered and the competitive advantages, this being a contribution to the reader.  also addressing strategic factors that innovation has and that lead to the establishment of research trends on the subject. It is a documentary work in which various sources were consulted such as magazines, books and other literature located in Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar and other databases to have a structured frame of reference. Although business models allow for a structured organization, new business dynamics based on technological advances coupled with innovation are essential and allow market demands to be met in a timely manner, this being an element that contributes to the adaptability of new innovative processes in each link of the production chain.   as well as the creation of value, this being a scenario of great relevance for the end consumer, as well as a response from corporate social responsibility to each of its parties involved.

The investigation arises in the Federation for Municipal Development Tucureño, a company located in the municipality of San Miguel Tucurú, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala where the problem of minor entry to the U.S. was identified. $1362.00 annually. Income originating from agroindustrial activities, a situation that represented an opportunity to study it and provide a technical solution with improved productivity and competitiveness, developing a business policy proposal to obtain higher income with integrated activities, consisting of production components, transformation of raw materials, negotiation of this, training, use of the administration system and financial resources. Phenomenon studied through a process based on analysis of macroeconomic public policies related to international and national development (global environment), public policies at the intermediate economic departmental and municipal level (mesoeconomic) and microeconomic (competitive environment) of the company analyzed, including in these results of a survey carried out by simple random sampling by conglomerates within the universe of 35 organizations; thus establishing the conditions and characteristics of the Federation's activity, presenting an updated commercial management policy model that generates higher income. The development of the topic offers an analysis of productivity and competitiveness and its improvement in an objective, technical manner, to make sustainable economic growth possible with the use of own resources and thus, obtain strengthening through the proposed solution of a policy as an integrated project. Expected results: Updated business policy as a technical solution through an integrated project to improve productivity and competitiveness.

The phenomenon of regionalism has weakened the multilateral system of international trade administered exclusively by the World Trade Organization. The filling of aim was to fill an existing legal gap. The analysis of the scope of the expression “the relationship between the parties” in Article 31, paragraph 3, final part, of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties was carried out only with regards to preferential trade agreements. By delimiting the study to narrow the research, it was possible to collate the interpretation of the specific provision of the “treaty of treaties”, to the law applicable to the World Trade Organization. Divided into five main parts, the research began with the analysis of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It the focused on the World Trade Organization. Free Trade Agreements were analysed as a genus of the International Treaties and Preferential Trade Agreements as a species. The phenomenon of regionalism and the crisis of WTO multilateralism were exploited. We analysed International Economic Law and the international economic jurisdiction administered by the WTO. Justified the legal thesis that, in international economics controversies, when two or more State Parties sign an interpretation among themselves, in a preferential trade agreement, that interpretation cannot be used to interpret WTO provisions. WTO jurisprudence can be used in regional international economic jurisdictions, but the reverse is not true.

This article examines the complex intersection of diversity management models in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting their influence on the persistence of inequalities and discrimination against the Afro-descendant population. Despite the rich cultural diversity in the region, challenges related to inequality and discrimination persist, especially towards ethnic groups such as the Afro-descendant population. The research explores historical transformations, from struggles for independence to civil rights movements, that have shaped interethnic relations. Although diversity management policies have been enacted, the persistence of inequality raises questions about their effectiveness. The study seeks to identify and understand existing models, considering historical and cultural factors. It aims to provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating current policies and offering specific recommendations to improve the implementation of diversity management models, promoting fairer and more inclusive societies in the region.