Patrocinado por:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-3728
En un mundo cada vez más interconectado, los proyectos de infraestructura civil transfronteriza, como represas, gasoductos y corredores de transporte, representan desafíos complejos para el derecho internacional. Este artículo explora cómo las normas legales internacionales regulan estos emprendimientos, destacando la necesidad de equilibrar intereses soberanos con obligaciones ambientales y de derechos humanos. Se analiza el papel de tratados como la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho de los Usos de los Cursos de Agua Internacionales para Fines Distintos de la Navegación, y se examinan casos reales en regiones como Asia Central, América del Sur y Europa. Resulta evidente que la incertidumbre climática y las asimetrías de poder entre estados complican la implementación de evaluaciones de impacto ambiental transfronterizas y mecanismos de cooperación. Además, se aborda cómo iniciativas como la Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta de China influyen en la gestión de recursos hídricos compartidos, generando tensiones que requieren marcos legales adaptables. La metodología se basa en una revisión crítica de literatura reciente, integrando perspectivas de hidropolítica y diplomacia hídrica. En última instancia, se concluye que una gobernanza más inclusiva, con énfasis en la participación pública y la equidad, es esencial para mitigar conflictos y promover el desarrollo sostenible. Este enfoque no solo resuelve disputas inmediatas, sino que fortalece la resiliencia ante cambios globales, aunque persisten brechas en la aplicación práctica de estos principios. Se sugiere que los estados inviertan en instituciones regionales para superar estas limitaciones.
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