MLS Sport Research
Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento con ejercicios isométricos sobre factores de riesgo de lesión de músculos isquiosurales en futbolistas amateurs. Estudio piloto
Publicado Jul 11, 2023
Resumen
En el fútbol las lesiones musculares representan el 38%. La musculatura isquiosural (HSM) fue el grupo muscular más frecuentemente lesionado, representando el 39.5% de todas las lesiones musculares y el 16.3% de todas las lesiones. Se ha demostrado que el entrenamiento excéntrico de los isquiosurales aumenta la longitud de los fascículos de la cabeza larga del bíceps femoral (BFlh), es decir, este entrenamiento disminuye el riesgo de lesión, pero puede conducir a la aparición de dolor muscular. Aunque, es menos probable que un programa de entrenamiento con ejercicios isométricos provoque dolor muscular. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio piloto fue analizar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento con ejercicios isométricos (10 semanas) sobre factores de riesgo de lesión en la HSM en jugadores de fútbol amateurs. Los participantes (n=18) fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo control (n=9) y experimental (n=9). Se evaluaron los síntomas y riesgo de lesión en HSM (Hamstring Outcome Score), potencia (salto vertical) y fuerza (single leg bridge test) de HSM. Los análisis mostraron que en el grupo experimental hubo mejorías en todas las variables, pero solo resultaron significativas las mejorías en fuerza de HSM derechos (p=0.003, d=0.679), y total (p=0.038, d=0.52). Se puede concluir que un programa de entrenamiento con ejercicios isométricos antes de la sesión técnico-táctica podría reducir el riesgo de lesión en HSM, aunque estos resultados deben ser tomados con precaución y se recomienda la realización de futuros estudios con una muestra mayor.
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